Clinical Potential of Bilins – A Collection of Essays
by Mark F. McCarty
Recent research establishes that free bilirubin functions physiologically as a potent inhibitor of NADPH oxidase – and that phycocyanobilin (PCB), a major component of spirulina that is a close chemical relative of bilirubin, can likewise inhibit NADPH oxidase in human cells. NADPH oxidase is now known to be the chief source of excessive oxidant stress in many pathologies. The following essays explore the potential implications of these discoveries for human health.
- “Iatrogenic Gilbert Syndrome” – A Strategy for Reducing Vascular and Cancer Risk by Increasing Plasma Unconjugated Bilirubin:
- Phycobilins Inhibit NADPH Oxidase – A Personal Perspective on the Discovery:
- Clinical Potential of Spirulina as a Source of Phycocyanobilin:
- Spirulina for Prevention and Control of Preeclampsia:
- Genistein, Phycocyanobilin, and Melatonin May Prevent Hepatic Fibrosis by Suppressing Proliferation and Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells:
- Oral Phycocyanobilin May Diminish the Pathogenicity of Activated Brain Microglia in Neurodegenerative Disorders:
- NADPH Oxidase May be the Primary Mediator of Organic Erectile Dysfunction:
- Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase May Promote Exercise Endurance by Suppressing Oxidant Stress in Skeletal Muscle:
- A Key Role for Activation of Chondrocyte NADPH Oxidase in the Loss of Cartilage Matrix Associated with Osteoarthritis:
- Administration of Bilins and High-Dose Biotin May Replicate the Beneficial Impact of Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction on Pathogenic Fibrosis:
- A Two-Phase Strategy for Treatment of Oxidant-Dependent Cancers:
- Potential Complementarity of High-Flavanol Cocoa Powder and Spirulina for Health Protection:
- Practical Strategies for Targeting NF-kappaB and NADPH Oxidase May Improve Survival During Lethal Influenza Epidemics:
- Targeting Oxidant Stress for Preventing Vascular Complications of Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome:
- Inhibition of NAPDH Oxidase as a Strategy for Managing Asthma:
- A Key Role for HIV-1-Activated NADPH Oxidase in the Pathogenesis of AIDS:
- A Mediating Role for NADPH Oxidase in Glucolipotoxicity-Induced Beta Cell Dysfunction:

